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Semin intervent Radiol 2019; 36(04): 303-309
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1697641
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1697641
Review Article
Ablation plus Transarterial Embolic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Larger than 3 cm: Science, Evidence, and Future Directions
Further Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
31 October 2019 (online)
Abstract
Thermal ablation is widely regarded as definitive therapy for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, but its efficacy decreases in tumors greater than 3 cm. Extensive clinical studies have supported improved outcomes provided through combining transarterial embolic therapy with ablation in the treatment of larger tumors. This article will provide a survey of the science and data for combination therapy in both thermal and nonthermal ablation modalities, as well as describe emerging applications.
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